This study intends to contribute to the current state of knowledge by empirically investigating the relationship between institutional environment and the performance of MFIs, by comparing South Asia and Latin America. In doing so, this study aims to analyse: (1) Does institutional environment matter for the performance of MFIs in South Asia and Latin America? Do MFIs perform better in the context of well-developed institutions? (2) What are the differences between the performance of MFI in South Asia and Latin America? These questions are addressed by employing a two stage least squares (2SLS) regression.